氧对Zr50Cu40Al10块体金属玻璃晶化动力学的影响

利用不同锆原材料、采用电弧炉坩埚倾斜铸造法制备了具有不同氧含量的Zr50Cu40Al10三元锆基块体金属玻璃,研究了氧对合金热稳定性及晶化动力学的影响.研究结果表明:合金的热稳定性随其氧含量的增加而降低,但晶化表观激活能却随氧含量的增加而增加;氧是通过提高晶化反应速率常数而降低合金热稳定性的,热稳定性与反应速率常数之间存在良好的对应关系,反应速率常数可以较好地表征具有强烈动力学效应的块体金属玻璃晶化过程;氧提高合金晶化反应速率常数的原因是由于它增大了反应的频率因子.     

Recent results on hydrogen and hydration in biology studied by neutron macromolecular crystallography

Neutron diffraction provides an experimental method of directly locating hydrogen atoms in proteins, a technique complimentary to ultra-high-resolution [1, 2] X-ray diffraction. Three different types of neutron diffractometers for biological macromolecules have been constructed in Japan, France and the United States, and they have been used to determine the crystal structures of proteins up to resolution limits of 1.5-2.5 A. Results relating to hydrogen positions and hydration patterns in proteins have been obtained from these studies. Examples include the geometrical details of hydrogen bonds, H/D exchange in proteins and oligonucleotides, the role of hydrogen atoms in enzymatic activity and thermostability, and the dynamical behavior of hydration structures, all of which have been extracted from these structural results and reviewed. Other techniques, such as the growth of large single crystals, the preparation of fully deuterated proteins, the use of cryogenic techniques, and a data base of hydrogen and hydration in proteins, will be described.     

木聚糖碱抽提液超滤过程中膜面污染及控制

研究了木聚糖碱抽提液超滤过程中膜面污染的形成和发展过程,以及膜面污染可逆性;分析了膜面清洗方法、反冲洗对溶剂透过率恢复的影响。结果表明:操作压力越低,进料速度越大,越有利于减轻膜面污染;膜面污染为部分可逆;4% NaOH溶液能有效地恢复溶剂透过率,而反冲洗只能部分地恢复溶剂透过率。     

聚丙烯/笼型聚硅倍半氧烷的非等温结晶及其动力学研究

采用熔融挤出共混的方法制备了均聚聚丙烯(iPP)/笼型八聚(异丁基)硅倍半氧烷(OIBS)复合材料,并用DSC法研究了此种复合材料的非等温结晶行为,当OIBS质量分数为1%和30%的样品结晶峰温T_p高于iPP的T_p,而OIBS质量含量为5%和10%样品的T_p低于iPP的T_p值,OIBS含量对结晶起始温度T₀和结晶峰半高宽W_1/2·h的影响与T_p相似.说明适量的OIBS对iPP具有异相成核作用。采用修正Avrami方程的Jeziorny法及莫志深法对数据进行处理并计算出结晶动力学参数。结果表明适量OIBS的加入可提高iPP的结晶速率。     

小粒度维生素C冷却结晶动力学

结晶是维生素C生产的关键工序.对相关的结晶动力学模型进行筛选,采用间歇动态法中的矩量变换法建立了小粒度维生素C冷却结晶过程动力学方程,利用最小二乘法对动力学实验数据进行多元线性回归后得到了动力学参数,通过实验,验证了动力学模型的可靠性.结果表明在小粒度维生素C冷却结晶过程中,晶体的聚结和破碎影响可忽略,搅拌速率对核过程影响明显.     

CaO对CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2系微晶玻璃析晶行为的影响

利用烧结工艺制备微晶玻璃以CaO Al2O3 SiO2三元系微晶玻璃为研究对象,通过DTA,XRD,SEM分析方法,对玻璃析晶动力学进行研究·利用Kissinger方程来计算微晶玻璃析晶转变的活化能E,发现随着氧化钙含量的增加,析晶温度降低,析晶活化能降低,并最终推导出析晶机理参数n=2,体系属于整体析晶·实验结果发现:微晶玻璃的析晶相均为硅灰石结构;氧化钙含量的增加有利于微晶玻璃的晶化,但表面缺陷更明显,如:坑点、突起、断裂等·     

激光晶化多晶硅的制备与XRD谱

对氢化非晶硅（a-Si∶H）进行了脱氢和不同能量密 度的准分子激光晶化多晶硅的实验, 对所得样品用X射线衍射表征. 针对多晶硅（111）面特征峰的强度、 晶面间距和宽化信息, 分析了激光功率密度对晶化多晶硅结晶度和应力的影响, 根据谢乐公式（Scherrer）估算了晶粒的大小, 得到用准分子激光晶化多晶硅的较佳工艺参数, 并且验证了激光辐射对薄膜材料作用的3种情况.     

氯化钡生产工艺的研究

论述了氯化钡的两种主要生产工艺，对反应、除杂及分离、浓缩及结晶等工序作了深入的研究，并对影响产品收率、质量等有关的主要因素作了进一步的探讨，同时提供了浓缩结晶的新方法，另外也对生产过程中的劳动保护和环境保护提出了参考意见。     

The plasma membrane proton-translocating ATPase

Living cells require membranes and membrane transporters for the maintenance of life. After decades of biochemical scrutiny, the structures and molecular mechanisms by which membrane transporters catalyze transmembrane solute movements are beginning to be understood. The plasma membrane proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) is an archetype of the P-type ATPase family of membrane transporters, which are important in a wide variety of cellular processes. The H+-ATPase has been crystallized and its structure determined to a resolution of 8 angstrom in the membrane plane. When considered together with the large body of biochemical information that has been accumulated for this transporter, and for enzymes in general, this new structural information is providing tantalizing insights regarding the molecular mechanism of active ion transport catalyzed by this enzyme.     

十二烷基糖苷脱醇方法的研究

采用蒸发法和蒸发-结晶法对十二烷基糖苷进行了脱醇研究,确定了适宜的脱醇条件.所得十二烷基糖苷中残余十二醇含量小于1%.